Topics: ----- please select -----Expert witnesses - Technical consultants… On… Expert witnesses… Witnesses with special knowledge… Technical consultants… Case law on expert witnessesLegislative framework of the Ballistics specialty… Previous legal framework… Current legal frameworkWeapons - ammunition & related objects… Current weapons-ammunition framework… European weapons framework… Historical / previous weapons framework… Decisions under Law 2168/1993… Historical/advisory C.H.C. decisions… Hellenic Shooting Federation regulations… Legislation on flares etc.… Forestry Code… Case law / opinions on weapons etc.Telecommunications and other digital matters… Legislation on breach of secrecy and personal data… Legislation on telecommunications and computersForgery and forensic handwriting matters… Definition of Terms… Crimes concerning currency… Crimes concerning documents/recordsVehicle matters… Road Traffic CodeFingerprint matters… Case law on fingerprintsFire and explosion matters… Legislation on fires and explosionsBiological materials - DNA matters… Legislation on biological materials - DNASecurity matters… Security legislation

EXPERT WITNESSES: ^
1. Articles 183 - 202 Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 4620/2019, as amended and in force) - expert evidence in criminal proceedings.
2. Presidential Decree 342/1977 “Regulation on the operation of the Directorate of Forensic Services and its Regional Services”, as amended and currently in force.
3. Articles 368 - 390 Code of Civil Procedure - expert evidence in civil proceedings.
4. Articles 159 - 166 Code of Administrative Procedure (Law 2717/1999, as amended and in force) - expert evidence in administrative proceedings.

WITNESSES WITH SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE: ^
1. Article 203 Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 4620/2019, as amended and in force) - Examination of persons with special technical or scientific knowledge as witnesses.
Note: The relevant testimony and conclusions presented at the hearing are recorded in the minutes of the hearing in accordance with Article 141 para. 2 Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 4620/2019, as amended and in force), where the circumstances so require.

TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS: ^
1. Articles 204 - 208 Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 4620/2019, as amended and in force) - technical consultants in criminal proceedings.
2. Articles 391 - 392 Code of Civil Procedure - technical consultants in civil proceedings.
3. Articles 167 - 168 Code of Administrative Procedure (Law 2717/1999, as amended and in force) - technical consultants in administrative proceedings.

CASE LAW CONCERNING EXPERT WITNESSES - TECHNICAL CONSULTANTS: ^
1. No. 140/1953 Decision of the Supreme Court.
2. No. 8/1964 Decision of the Supreme Court in council/chambers.
3. No. 243/1980 case law of the Athens Court of Appeal.
4. No. 4/1982 Opinion of the Prosecutor of the Supreme Court.
5. No. 13/1989 Opinion of the Prosecutor of the Supreme Court.
6. No. 44/1997 Decision of the Chania Military Court.
7. No. 1443/1999 Decision of the Supreme Court in council/chambers.
8. No. 956/2003 decision of the Supreme Court, 5th Criminal Chamber in council.

PREVIOUS LEGAL FRAMEWORK: ^
1. P.D. 198/1992 (Government Gazette A' 92/1992): according to article 1, the Department of Laboratories - Chemistry of the Directorate of Criminal Investigations had the responsibilities provided for in articles 48 to 54 of P.D. 342/1977.
2. According to article 50 of P.D. 342/1977, one of the responsibilities of the Firearms and Toolmarks Office was the delivery to the Chemical Laboratory, for further examination and analysis, of traces or evidentiary items from firearms, cartridge cases, bullets, explosive mechanisms, projectiles and other related objects.
3. According to P.D. 14/2001 and P.D. 178/2014, these responsibilities were restructured and further specified within the current organizational framework of the Directorate of Criminal Investigations.

CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK: ^
1. P.D. 14/2001 “Organization of Hellenic Police Services”, article 30: defines the mission of the Directorate of Criminal Investigations and the structure of its services.
2. P.D. 178/2014 “Organization of Hellenic Police Services”, article 30 para. 19: the Department of Firearms and Toolmarks Laboratories handles and examines, upon request of the investigating authorities, traces and evidentiary items deriving from criminal acts or incidents of police interest.
3. Nominal reference to the laboratories and offices of the above Department: (a) Laboratory of Weapons and Ammunition Technology - Crime Scene Examination - Ballistics, (b) Laboratory of Comparative Examination of Firearm Marks, (c) Toolmarks Examination Laboratory, (d) Laboratory for Restoration of Vehicle Chassis and Engine Numbers, (e) Keys Examination Laboratory, (f) Evidence Correspondence Office.
4. These responsibilities include, indicatively, the legal classification of evidentiary items under the applicable weapons legislation, the reconstruction of crime scenes where firearms were used, the examination of markings and restoration of erased or altered identification elements, test firing, comparative examination of cartridge cases and bullets, as well as examinations of toolmarks and of keys and locks.

CURRENT FRAMEWORK ON WEAPONS - AMMUNITION: ^
1. Law 2168/1993 “Regulation of matters concerning weapons, ammunition, explosive materials, explosive mechanisms and other provisions” (Government Gazette A 147/3-9-1993), as amended and currently in force, in particular by Law 4678/2020, Article 20 of Law 4937/2022, Law 5187/2025 and Law 5256/2025.
2. Articles 187 and 187Α of the Penal Code (Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - criminal organization, gang and terrorist action.

EUROPEAN UNION FRAMEWORK: ^
1. Directive (EU) 2021/555 on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons, as the codified current framework replacing the former Directive 91/477/EEC framework.
2. Directive (EU) 2017/853, which amended Directive 91/477/EEC, retained as historical/amending framework now incorporated into Directive (EU) 2021/555.
3. Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2015/2403 on common guidelines on deactivation standards and techniques for firearms.
4. Commission Implementing Directive (EU) 2019/68 on technical specifications for the marking of firearms and their essential components.
5. Regulation (EU) 2025/41 on import, export and transit measures for firearms, essential components and ammunition.

HISTORICAL / PREVIOUS FRAMEWORK: ^
1. The following provisions and decisions are listed as historical or previous framework and are retained for documentation.
2. Law 29 of 30 April–11 May 1943, “On the circumstances in which the Public Force is permitted to use weapons” (Government Gazette A' 123/1943).
3. Law 495/1976 — FORMER LAW “On Weapons, Explosive Substances, Explosive Devices and certain other provisions” [Relevant provision: Article 38 of Ν.2168/93] (Government Gazette A' 337/18-12-1976).
4. Law 663/1977 “Amendment and supplementation of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the Penal Code, etc.” [In relation to Article 15 of Ν.2168/93] (Government Gazette A' 215/5-8-1977).
5. Law 1421/1984 of 13-3-1984, “Importation, Possession and Use of Special Weapons for the Anaesthesia or Euthanasia of Animals”.
6. Law 2225/1994 “Lifting of Confidentiality for the Investigation of Crimes” [Article 15(1) of Ν.2168/93 in conjunction with Articles 20 and 21 of Law 663/1977] (Government Gazette A' 121/20-7-1994).
7. Law 2334/1995 “Amendment of Law 2168/1993” [Articles 1(6), 2(ζ), 8(5), 11(1) and (7), 17(4), 18(4), (7) and (8), and 29(4)] (Government Gazette A' 184/6-9-1995).
8. Law 2452/1996 “Amendment of Law 2168/1993” [Articles 20(2), subparagraph γ, and 29(4)] (Government Gazette A' 283/31-12-1996).
9. Law 2510/1997 “Repealed Provisions of Law 2168/1993” [Article 37] (Government Gazette A' 136/1-9-1997).
10. Law 2721/1999 “Carrying and Use of Weapons” (Government Gazette A' 112/3-6-1999), as amended and supplemented by Article 2 of Law 3388/2005 (Government Gazette A' 225/12-9-2005).
11. Law 2873/2000 “Service Matters” [Amendment of Article 16(3), subparagraph β, of Ν.2168/93] (Government Gazette A' 285/28-12-2000).
12. Law 3065/2002 “Amendment of Law 2168/1993” [Article 3(2)] (Government Gazette A' 251/18-10-2002).
13. Law 3169/2003 “Carrying of Weapons, Use of Firearms by Police Officers, Their Training in Their Use, and Other Provisions” (Government Gazette A' 189/24-7-2003).
14. Law 3254/2004 “Regulation of Matters Concerning the 2004 Olympic and Paralympic Games and Other Provisions” (Government Gazette A' 137/22-7-2004).
15. Presidential Decree 491 of 16-6-1978, “On Fishing with an Underwater Speargun”.
16. Presidential Decree 373/1985, “On Recreational and Sport Fishing” (Government Gazette A' 131/22-7-1985).
17. Presidential Decree 254/2004 “Code of Ethics for Police Officers” (Government Gazette A' 238/2-12-2004).
18. REGULATION of 29-12-2000, “Civil Aviation — National Security Regulation” (Government Gazette B' 38/19-1-2001).
19. Opinion No. 12 of 8-9-1992 of the Prosecutor of the Supreme Court, concerning the continued validity of Law 29/1943, “On the circumstances in which the Public Force is permitted to use weapons”.
20. Police Order No. 34 of 30-11-1977, “On the Conditions for Granting Licences to Possess Weapons Constituting Historical Heirlooms”; it remains in force until the decision provided for by Law 2168/1993 is issued.
21. Decision No. 8441 of 28-4-1979, “On the Operation of Shooting Ranges Maintained by Public Sports Authorities, Legal Persons Governed by Public Law and Recognised Associations” (Government Gazette B' 427/5-5-1979).
22. Joint Ministerial Decision No. 3009/2/4 of 10-6-1987, “Classification of Certain Objects as Weapons” (Government Gazette B' 296/15-6-1987).
23. Decision No. 3329 of 15-2-1989, “Regulations on the Production, Storage and Release for Consumption of Explosive Substances” (Government Gazette B' 132/21-2-1989). It was amended by Joint Ministerial Decision Φ.28/18787/1032 of 7-8-2000 (Government Gazette B' 1035/23-8-2000) [see below]. Decision 3009/2/68γ of 31-7-2001 (Government Gazette B' 1063/10-8-2001) is also relevant [see below].

1. Ministerial Decision 3009/2/20στ/1994 — licences for the purchase and possession of hunting firearms (as amended and in force / codified application).
2. Ministerial Decision 3009/2/23α/1994 — supporting documents and the procedure for issuing licences under Law 2168/1993 and Law 456/1976 (as amended and in force / codified application).
3. Ministerial Decision 3009/2/28γ/1994 — safe storage of firearms, ammunition, explosive substances and explosive devices (as amended and in force / codified application).
4. Ministerial Decision 3009/2/26α/1994 — records to be maintained and obligations of natural and legal persons engaged in activities involving weapons, ammunition, explosive substances and related items (as amended and in force / codified application).
5. Ministerial Decision 3312/20-7-1994 — conditions and procedure for granting licences for the possession and carrying of weapons aboard Greek-flagged vessels, where applicable.

1. Ministerial Decision 3009/2/80δ/2003 — amendment of provisions concerning hunting-firearm licences and the purchase / export of weapons by foreign nationals.
2. Ministerial Decision 3009/2/177-α΄/2020 (Government Gazette B' 4705/23-10-2020) — later amendment of the principal procedures concerning licences, safe storage and supporting documents.
3. Ministerial Decision 3009/2/177-λγ΄/2023 (Government Gazette B' 5387/11-09-2023) — later amendment of the principal decisions, particularly 3009/2/20στ, 3009/2/23α, 3009/2/28γ and 3009/2/26α.

1. Collectible, historical or family heirlooms: Ministerial Decision 3009/2/84δ/2004 and the related special procedures for classification, importation, trade and possession.
2. Target-shooting / sporting firearms: Ministerial Decision 4325/1999 and related acts concerning licences to possess target-shooting firearms, cartridges and the obligations of sports associations.
3. Explosive substances, chargers and detonators: Ministerial Decisions 2254/230/Φ.6.9/1994 and 3329/1989, Decision Φ.28/18787/1032/2000 and related special acts, where applicable.
4. Special uses / transport / trade / importation–exportation: the relevant ministerial decisions apply on a case-by-case basis within the current framework of Law 2168/1993.

1. The remaining older decisions, opinions, police orders and regulatory acts from the period 1979–2005 are retained as historical or formerly applicable documentary material, unless they continue to apply in specific cases.

HISTORICAL / ADVISORY DECISIONS OF THE CENTRAL HEALTH COUNCIL: ^
1. Central Health Council Decision No. 2178 of 12-3-1991, adopted at its 81st Plenary Session, “Tear-Gas Sprays”.
2. Central Health Council Decision No. 21 of 16-3-1992, adopted at its 92nd Plenary Session, “Electric-Discharge Devices”.

HELLENIC SHOOTING FEDERATION: ^
1. Current regulations of the Hellenic Shooting Federation, shooter cards and the regulatory framework governing sport shooting, as in force.
2. Disciplinary Regulation of the Hellenic Shooting Federation (2019 revision), as amended in 2022, and the other regulations currently in force.

LEGISLATION ON FLARES, BENGAL LIGHTS, FIRECRACKERS, PYROTECHNIC CHILDREN’S TOYS, LAUNCHING DEVICES ETC.: ^
1. Law 456/1976 “On flares” (Government Gazette A' 277/19-10-1976), as amended and in force.
2. Law 2168/1993 “Regulation of matters concerning weapons, ammunition, explosives, explosive mechanisms and other provisions”, as amended and in force, in particular by Laws 4678/2020, 5187/2025 and 5256/2025, including provisions related to Law 456/1976.

FOREST CODE: ^
1. Legislative Decree 86/1969 “Forest Code” (Government Gazette A' 7/18-4-1969), as amended and in force.
2. Law 998/1979 on the protection of forests and forest areas of the country, as amended and in force.
3. Law 5037/2023, regarding newer amendments to provisions of the Forest Code, including article 268 of Legislative Decree 86/1969.

INDICATIVE CASE LAW ON MATTERS RELATING TO WEAPONS ETC.: ^
1. The following decisions are listed as indicative case law under the current framework of Law 2168/1993, as amended and in force, in particular by Laws 4678/2020, 5187/2025 and 5256/2025.
2. Supreme Court Decision No. 1059/1984, Sixth Criminal Chamber: “The emergency landing of an aircraft carrying weapons because of a mechanical failure does not constitute a state of necessity and does not exclude criminal responsibility”.
3. Supreme Court Decision No. 1013/1985: “Cassation for failure to provide reasons in relation to the defence claim that the weapons were unusable”.
4. Decision No. 124/1993 of the Three-Member Athens Court of Appeal: “Spray”.
5. Decision No. 2843/1994 of the Council of the Thessaloniki Misdemeanours Court: “Knife attack against two Members of the European Parliament”.
6. Supreme Court Decision No. 60/1995, Fifth Criminal Chamber: “Folding knife — penknife”.
7. Decision No. 313/1996 of the Athens Military Appeals Court: “Use of a knife as a weapon — rape”.
8. Decision No. 1163/1996 of the Thessaloniki Court of Appeal: “Knife”.
9. Decision No. 8/1996 of the Athens Military Appeals Court: “Carrying and use of a knife as a weapon”.
10. Decision No. 282/1998 of the Council of the Patras Misdemeanours Court: “Carrying and use of a knife as a weapon”.
11. Decision No. 161/1999 of the Thessaloniki Army Judicial Council: “Committal for intentional homicide — shooting by soldiers”.
12. Decision No. 2069/2000 of the Athens Misdemeanours Court: “Blank-firing weapon”.
13. Decision No. 64/2000 of the Council of the Piraeus Court of Appeal: “Carrying ammunition constitutes unlawful carrying of a weapon”.
14. Supreme Court Decision No. 900/2000, Fifth Criminal Chamber: “Use of a knife as a weapon”.
15. Supreme Court Decision No. 683/2001, Fifth Criminal Chamber: “An axe also constitutes a weapon, as a type of bladed weapon”.
16. Supreme Court Decision No. 987/2001: “Exceeding the limits of self-defence by a police officer who had been attacked with a knife”.
17. Decision No. 3395/2003 and other related decisions of the Third Three-Member Athens Court of Appeal for Felonies: “17Ν case”.
18. Decision No. 5635/2004 of the Three-Member Athens Court of Appeal: “Blank-firing weapons — children’s toys”.
19. Decision No. 9126/2004 of the Three-Member Athens Court of Appeal: “Blank-firing weapon — flares”.
20. Decision Nos. 514–514-515/2007 of the Athens Mixed Jury Court: “Residues on the defendant’s hand”.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS / VOICE - SOUND - VIDEO / DIGITAL EVIDENCE - INTERNET MATTERS^

LEGISLATION ON BREACH OF COMMUNICATIONS CONFIDENTIALITY - PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA: ^
1. Constitution, Article 19 - confidentiality of communications and independent administrative authorities (as revised and in force).
2. Articles 370, 370Α, 370Β, 370Γ of the Penal Code (Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - breach of confidentiality of communications, telephone communications and computer programs/data.
3. Article 253A of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Law 4620/2019, as amended and in force) - special investigative acts for criminal organizations and terrorist acts, in conjunction with Articles 187 and 187Α of the Penal Code.
4. Law 3115/2003 - Hellenic Authority for Communication Security and Privacy (ADAE) (as amended and in force).
5. Law 5002/2022 - procedure for lifting the confidentiality of communications, cybersecurity and protection of citizens’ personal data.
6. Presidential Decree 47/2005 - procedures and technical/organizational safeguards for the lifting and assurance of communications confidentiality, where applicable.
7. Law 3471/2006 - protection of personal data and privacy in the electronic communications sector, implementing Directive 2002/58/EC (ePrivacy), as amended.
8. Regulation (EU) 2016/679 - General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
9. Law 4624/2019 - national measures for the application of the GDPR and transposition of Directive (EU) 2016/680 for data processing by competent authorities for the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences.
10. Law 3674/2008 - strengthening of the institutional framework for the assurance of telephone communications confidentiality.
11. Law 3917/2011 - retention of data generated or processed in the provision of electronic communications services.
12. Decision ADAE 165/2011 - Regulation for the Assurance of the Confidentiality of Electronic Communications, as amended, and the newer ADAE Regulation for the Assurance of the Confidentiality of Electronic Communications (Government Gazette B 4268/07-08-2025).
13. Decision ADAE 28/2024 - Regulation on the Security of Electronic Communications Networks and Services (Government Gazette B 551/26-01-2024).

LEGISLATION ON TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS & COMPUTERS: ^
1. Article 386Α of the Penal Code (Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Computer fraud.
2. Law 4727/2020 on Digital Governance, Electronic Communications and other provisions; transposition of Directive (EU) 2018/1972, the European Electronic Communications Code.
3. Law 4070/2012, as amended and in force, as a supplementary electronic-communications framework where individual provisions remain applicable.
4. Law 4727/2020, articles 113 et seq. - EETT competences, supervision, hearings, sanctions and the regulatory framework for electronic communications.
5. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 - Digital Services Act (DSA) and Law 5099/2024, by which EETT was designated as Digital Services Coordinator in Greece.
6. Law 4577/2018 transposing the NIS Directive and Law 5160/2024 transposing Directive (EU) 2022/2555 - NIS2 on cybersecurity.
7. Law 4961/2022 on emerging information and communication technologies and strengthening digital governance.
8. Law 4411/2016 - ratification of the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime and transposition of Directive 2013/40/EU on attacks against information systems.
9. Directive 2011/93/EU on combating sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, linked to the current Penal Code.
10. Electronic communications - EETT legislative and regulatory framework
11. Digital services - EETT legislative and regulatory framework
12. EETT competences as Digital Services Coordinator
13. Postal services - EETT legislative and regulatory framework
14. DIAVGEIA programme - EETT

FORGERY - FORENSIC HANDWRITING EXAMINATION MATTERS ^

MEANING OF TERMS IN THE CODE - DOCUMENTS: ^
1. Article 13 paragraph c P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Meaning of document.

OFFENCES RELATING TO CURRENCY AND PAYMENT INSTRUMENTS: ^
1. Article 207 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Counterfeiting of currency and other tangible means of payment.
2. Article 208 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Circulation of counterfeit currency and other means of payment.
3. Article 208Α P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Manufacture of currency beyond authorized limits.
4. Article 208Β P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Unlawful production/distribution of medals or tokens resembling euro coins.
5. Article 208Γ P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Forgery and misuse of stamps.
6. Article 209 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Alteration and falsification of intangible means of payment.
7. Article 210 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Unlawful acquisition of intangible means of payment.
8. Article 210Α P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Acceptance and distribution of unlawfully acquired intangible means of payment.
9. Article 210Β P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Aggravated cases in the context of a criminal organization.
10. Article 211 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Preparatory acts.
11. Article 212 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Exemption from penalties.
12. Article 213 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Confiscation.
13. Article 214 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Banknotes and other equivalent instruments.
14. Article 215 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Unlawful issue of bearer bonds.
15. Law 4947/2022 (Government Gazette A' 124/23-06-2022), transposing Directive (EU) 2019/713 on combating fraud and counterfeiting of non-cash means of payment and adding/updating provisions on intangible means of payment.
16. Council Regulation (EC) No 1338/2001 of 28 June 2001 on measures necessary for the protection of the euro against counterfeiting, as amended by Regulation (EC) No 44/2009.
17. Directive 2014/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the protection of the euro and other currencies against counterfeiting by criminal law, replacing Framework Decision 2000/383/JHA.
18. Council Decision 2001/923/EC of 17 December 2001 establishing the Pericles programme for protection of the euro against counterfeiting, as amended by Decisions 2006/75/EC, 2006/76/EC, 2006/849/EC and 2006/850/EC.

OFFENCES RELATING TO DOCUMENTS AND CERTIFICATES: ^
1. Article 216 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Forgery.
2. Article 217 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Forgery of certificates.
3. Article 218 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Forgery and misuse of stamps.
4. Article 219 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Exemption from punishment.
5. Article 220 P.C. (Criminal Code - Law 4619/2019, as amended and in force) - Fraudulent procurement of a false certification.

VEHICLE MATTERS^

ROAD TRAFFIC CODE: ^
1. Law 5209/2025 “Road Traffic Code and other provisions” (Government Gazette A' 100/13-06-2025), as currently in force. The previous Law 2696/1999 is mentioned only where a historical or transitional reference is required.
2. Ministerial Decision 43500/5691 of 24-7-2002 “Methods for detecting the use of alcohol, toxic substances and drugs by drivers while driving and in road accidents” (Government Gazette B' 1055/12-8-2002), as a specific implementing decision.

FINGERPRINT MATTERS^

COURT DECISIONS ON FINGERPRINT MATTERS ^
1. No. 1473/2000 Decision of the Five-Member Athens Court of Appeal: “Assessment of a fingerprint”.

FIRE - EXPLOSION MATTERS^

LEGISLATION ON FIRES - EXPLOSIONS ^
1. Penal Code Law 4619/2019, as amended and currently in force, especially by Law 5090/2024 regarding Articles 264, 265 and related provisions on arson, forest arson, explosions and commonly dangerous offences.
2. Article 187 Penal Code - criminal organization - gang.
3. Article 187Α Penal Code - terrorist action.
4. Article 264 Penal Code - commonly dangerous offences, arson.
5. Article 265 of the Penal Code — Offences Creating Common Danger: Arson of a Forest or Forested Area.
6. Article 266 Penal Code - negligent arson and related provisions.
7. Article 270 Penal Code - causing an explosion.
8. Article 271 Penal Code - causing an explosion by negligence.
9. Article 272 Penal Code - offences relating to explosives or bombs.
10. Article 432 Penal Code - illegal manufacture and supply of explosive materials.
11. Article 433 Penal Code - breach of provisions for protection against fire or arson.
12. Law 2168/1993 “Regulation of matters concerning weapons, ammunition, explosive materials, explosive mechanisms and other provisions” (Government Gazette A' 147/3-9-1993), as amended and currently in force, especially by Law 4678/2020 and subsequently by Law 5256/2025.

BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS - DNA MATTERS^

LEGISLATION ON BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS - DNA ^
1. Article 201 Code of Criminal Procedure - DNA analysis, as currently in force under the Code of Criminal Procedure Law 4620/2019, in conjunction with the applicable provisions of Articles 187 and 187Α Penal Code of Law 4619/2019, as amended and currently in force. Laws 2928/2001 and 3251/2004 remain as historical/amending references concerning criminal organization, terrorist action and the European arrest warrant.

SECURITY MATTERS^

SECURITY LEGISLATION ^
1. Article 19 of Law 1339/1983, “Private Security Personnel — Recruitment of Private Individuals for Security or Guarding Needs” (Government Gazette A' 35/18-3-1983). The relevant implementing decision currently in force is Ministerial Decision 7017/7/1-Θ΄/2020 (Government Gazette B' 2965/20-07-2020), as amended by Ministerial Decision 7017/7/265/2025 (Government Gazette B' 6462/03-12-2025).
2. Law 2518/1997 article 19 “Conditions for the operation of private companies providing security services. Qualifications and obligations of their personnel and other provisions” (Government Gazette A - 164/21-8-1997). It is currently applied as amended and in force, especially following Law 3707/2008 and subsequently Law 5187/2025 (Government Gazette A' 48/21-03-2025).
3. Law 2622/1998 “Border Guard Services” (Government Gazette A - 138/25-6-1998).
4. Law 2833/2000 “Matters Concerning Preparations for the 2004 Olympic Games and Other Provisions” (Government Gazette A' 150/30-6-2000).
5. Law 3206/2003 “Private Investigation Offices and Other Provisions” (Government Gazette A - 298/23-12-2003).
6. Presidential Decree 265/1999 “Organisation of the External Guarding Service for Detention Facilities and for Convicted and Remand Prisoners Receiving Treatment in Medical Institutions” (Government Gazette A' 216/19-10-1999).
7. Presidential Decree 56/2004 “Ratification of the amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 74, adopted at the Conference of Contracting Governments to the International Convention on 12 December 2002” (Government Gazette A - 47/11-2-2004).
8. GENEVA PROTOCOL 22.10.1996 “On minimum safety levels for merchant ships” (Government Gazette A - 293/13-12-2001).
9. Agreement of 11.12.1993 “Agreement between the Ministry of Public Order of the Hellenic Republic and the Ministry of Justice and Public Order of the Republic of Cyprus on cooperation in security matters”, ratified by Law 2463/1997 (Government Gazette A - 26/26-2-1997).